INGLÉS SAN MARCOS EXAMEN RESUELTO INGRESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD

TEXTO I

A typical Thai meal consists of different dishes, which may include soup, salad, stir-fry, curry, and dipping sauces. Steaming white rice is always on the table. Then there is dessert, which may include sweets based on sugar and eggs.

A key to good food anywhere is fresh ingredients, and in Thailand these are often right around the corner. In the cities and towns, markets sell fresh fruit, vegetables, fish, and the most diverse types of spices.

If you are visiting Thailand don't miss trying tom yam goong, the hot-and-sour shrimp soup that is its specialty. There is also Ma ho, meaning "galloping horses", a mixture of pork, prawns, and peanuts making a pile on fresh pineapple, and garnished with red chilies and coriander leaves. To top off your meal, try a dessert of sticky rice with coconut milk and mangoes.

What is the best way to eat Thai food? In some parts of the country, custom calls for using your fingers to press sticky rice into small balls, which you then dip into sauces and pop into your mouth. Then, chopsticks are very popular. But if you fail using them, you can always resort to a fork and a spoon.

Is your appetite now attracted by Thai cuisine? The specialties of this beautiful Asian country may open up a world of tastes you have not yet explored—that of delicious food from the Orient.

Adapted from: A taste of Thailand. Awake!

PREGUNTA 1

In the text, an opposite to the word FAIL can be

A) lead.

B) efficient.

C) succeed.

D) defeat.

E) miss.

Resolución

A TASTE OF THAILAND. AWAKE!

En el texto, la frase "if you fail using them, you can always resort to a fork and a spoon" (si fallas al usarlos, siempre puedes recurrir a un tenedor y una cuchara) se refiere a la posibilidad de no lograr usar los palillos chinos (chopsticks) apropiadamente. El opuesto sería lograr usarlos, es decir, tener éxito (“succeed”) al hacerlo.

Clave C

PREGUNTA 2

A title for this text can be

A) Thai traditional tasteful cuisine.

B) Food for foreign people in Thailand.

C) Delicious dishes from the Orient.

D) Tom yam goong: the typical Thai soup.

E) Fresh ingredients in the Asian food.

Resolución

A TASTE OF THAILAND. AWAKE!

El texto en general describe la cocina tradicional tailandesa (typical Thai food), mencionando los ingredientes frescos, los diferentes tipos de platos que se suelen servir (sopa, ensalada, curry, etc.), y algunas especialidades del país como el tom yam goong y el Ma ho. Además, habla de la forma en que se come la comida tailandesa y de su riqueza de sabores.

Clave A

PREGUNTA 3

Thai food is delicious because

A) some tastes are undiscovered.

B) its menu has various dishes.

C) people eat with their fingers.

D) it is made of fresh ingredients.

E) meals are extremely spicy.

Resolución

A TASTE OF THAILAND. AWAKE!

En el segundo párrafo del texto se menciona que la clave para una buena comida en cualquier lugar son los ingredientes frescos, y en Tailandia estos suelen estar a la vuelta de la esquina. Esto indica que la frescura de los ingredientes es un factor clave en la calidad de la comida tailandesa.

Clave D

TEXTO II
   Passive smoking or second-hand smoke (SHS) is a growing concern worldwide. Around onethird of adults globally are exposed to it. According to new WHO data, in some european countries, up to 60% of children are exposed to SHS at home, making it a significant public health concern.
   Smoking, be it active or passive, it has been linked not only to developing various health risks and allergies also killing millions of people around the world. A non-smoker exposed to high levels of carbon monoxide, nicotine, and other carcinogens is at a higher risk of health hazards compared to an occasional smoker. Children are the group that is hardest hit by passive smoking. A few months ago, a US report showed that more than half of american children between the ages of 3 and 11 had particles in their blood that came from passive smoking.
   The smoke emitted from tobacco is heavier than hot air and tends to hang in mid-air than rise and disperse, creating a smoke cloud that is unconsciously inhaled by the individuals around.
   Tobacco smoke consists of more than 7000 carcinogenic chemicals, impacting our organs and leading to a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that blocks them, posing trouble breathing. This exposure harms children, non-smokers, and women, especially those who are pregnant.
   Studies show that severe anti-smoking laws in bars and restaurants can low the number of smokers. However, more needs to be done. Right now, only 7% of the world’s population lives in areas with strict anti-smoking laws.
Adapted from Redcliffe Labs. May 31, 2024.
PREGUNTA 4
In the text, the word LEADING can be replaced by
A) guiding.
B) cutting.
C) interrupting.
D) removing.
E) disconnecting.
Resolución
VOCABULARY
In the text, the word LEADING can be replaced by (En el texto, la palabra provocar puede sustituirse por)
a. guiding (guiar)
b. cutting (cortar)
c. interrupting (interrumpir)
d. removing (quitar)
e. disconnecting (desconectar)
Clave A
PREGUNTA 5
A title for this text could be
A) The exposure to passive smoking.
B) The cruel killer around people.
C) The chronic pulmonary diseases.
D) The high levels of carbon monoxide.
E) The silent killer around us.
Resolución
A title for this text could be (Un título para este texto podría ser) The cruel killer around people (El asesino cruel que rodea a la gente). En el texto se menciona: Smoking, be it active or passive, it has been linked not only to developing various health risks and allergies also killing millions of people around the world (Fumar, ya sea activo o pasivo, se ha relacionado no solo con el desarrollo de diversos riesgos para la salud y alergias, sino que también mata a millones de personas en todo el mundo).
Clave B
PREGUNTA 6
The tobacco smoke is heavier because it contains
A) less than 7000 carcinogenic chemicals.
B) more than 7000 carcinogenic chemicals.
C) more than 7000 particles chemicals.
D) more than 7 % particles chemicals.
E) more than 7000 pulmonary disease.
Resolución
The tobacco smoke is heavier because it contains (El humo del tabaco es más pesado porque contiene) more than 7000 carcinogenic chemicals (más de 7000 sustancias químicas cancerígenas). En el texto se menciona: Tobacco smoke consists of more than 7000 carcinogenic chemicals, impacting our organs and leading to a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that blocks them, posing trouble breathing (El humo del tabaco está compuesto por más de 7000 sustancias químicas cancerígenas que afectan a nuestros órganos y provocan una enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica que los bloquea y dificulta la respiración).
Clave B

TEXTO II

The best way to learn something is to make mistakes first. Thomas Edison, who invented the light bulb, told his co- lleagues: «Of the 200 light bulbs that didn’t work, ever failure told me something i was able to incorporate into the next». Ben- jamin Franklin, the US statesman and scientist once said: «I haven’t failed, i have 10 000 ideas that didn’t work».

Both these people understood that failures and false starts are the condition of success. In fact, a surprising number of everyday objects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding. Post-it notes, packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions. In 2600 B.C., a tired Egyptian slave invented bread when the dough rose during his sleep. And crisps were first cooked by a chef in the US when a customer complained that his potatoes were not thin enough.

Successful business people have often made big, expensive mistakes ib their past. When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company $ 600 000. Thomas Watson, the chairman, was asked ift he would fire the man. «Of course not» he replied. «I have just spent $ 600 000 training him. I’m not going to let another company benefit from his experiencie».

Adapted from Clare, A. and Wilson, J. (2006). Total English Intermediate. Students’ Book. Pearson Education Limited.

PREGUNTA 7

Which of the following is nota stated in the text?

A) Only geniuses never make mistakes.

B) Failures are part of the process to succeed.

C) Many inventions resulted from mistakes.

D) Mistakes contribute to getting experiencie.

E) Successful people have made mistakes before.

Resolución

De acuerdo al texto, los errores cometidos por inventores reconocidos han dado lugar a grandes descubrimientos, incluida la bombilla, por lo que la única declaración que no guarda relación con el texto es la que indica que solo los genios nunca cometen errores.

Rpta. : "A"

PREGUNTA 8

SUCCESS is clase in meaning to

A) dangerous event.

B) unexpectec event.

C) difficult results.

D) satisfactory outcome.

E) unpredicted result.

Resolución

La palabra SUCCESS hace referencia a cumplir con un objetivo propuesto. Dentro de las alternativas, la definición más cercana es: SATISFACTORY OUTCOME, cuyo concepto es obtener un resultado con el que estamos satisfechos.

Rpta. : "D"

PREGUNTA 9

Which of the followign statements would the author agree with?

A) Mistakes should always be avoided.

B) Failures are part of human experience.

C) Teachers must punish students’ mistakes.

D) Error are irrelevant for learning experience.

E) Only inexpert people often make mistakes.

Resolución

En el texto, el autor señala diversos ejemplos, algunos célebres, de las formas en cómo el hombre ha fallado en sus intentos previos antes de alcanzar la gloria o el éxito. Por lo que la única declaración concordante con ello es la que señala que las fallas o errores son parte natural de la experiencia humana.

Rpta. : "B"

PREGUNTA 10

What is the main idea of the text

A) Mistakes make the learning process more difficult.

B) Scientists do not like the idea of making mistakes.

C) Mistakes are important for the learning process.

D) Companies lose lots of money because of mistakes.

E) To make mistakes is an unnatural human sign.

Resolución

Del texto podemos inferir que en el proceso de aprendizaje se cometen errores que son importantes para poder mejorar y tener éxito en lo que hacemos.

Rpta. : "C"

PREGUNTA 11

It can be inferred from the text that

A) all mistakes are necessary for inventing new and useful things.

B) successful people make mistakes every day of their lives.

C) humans are not perfect, and we can always make mistakes.

D) the more mistakes you make the more success you will achieve.

E) both Edison ande Franklin made just a few litte mistakes.

Resolución

El ser humano es limitado por naturaleza, lo que implica que es normal que a veces nos equivoquemos. Por lo tanto, el dilema no es fallar o no fallar, porque siempre cometeremos errores, sino cómo reaccionaríamos ante los fallos que se nos presentan.

Rpta. : "C"

TEXTO III

Scientists found women from the Faroe lslands, a small north Atlantic archipelago, had unusually high concentrations of toxic industrial chemicals –mostly polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)– that are no longer in use in their breast milk. The surprising discovery led to the question: how did this happen?

The chemicals were coming from the ocean or, more specifically, from the pilot whales that make up an important part of the islanders’ diet. PCBs can travel huge distances around the planet through air and water, affecting communities far away from the source of contamination. The climate crisis worsens the situation, speeding up the movement of chemicals around the planet. As temperatures rise, dangerous chemicals will evaporate even more easily into the atmosphere.

While legislation is slow, stronqer preventive measures are needed to make sure chemicals in use today will not become the contaminants of the future.

Turns, A. (Febrero de 2022). How ‘forever chemicals’ are using marine life to travel the world by sea. The Guardian.

PREGUNTA 12

Which of these words can be used to replace the term speeding up?

A) Producing

B) Creating

C) Generating

D) Increasing

E) Exciting

Resolución

Speeding up se define como ‘acelerar o aumentar con rapidez cualquier acción’ según el diccionario Cambridge de definiciones.

Rpta. : "D"

PREGUNTA 13

Chemicals in use today could become long-term pollutants if

A) global temperature levels continue to increase.

B) ocean pollution remains an international problem.

C) scientists don’t include minorities in their research.

D) researchers don’t get money for their investigations.

E) there is no regulation for their use and disposal.

Resolución

El último párrafo hace mención a la lenta acción de la ley frente a la problemática medioambiental, por lo que esta alternativa se refiere a la no regulación del uso y desecho de estos químicos en dicha área en la actualidad.

Rpta. : "E"

PREGUNTA 14

Considering the information from the text, what can you infer about the islanders’ habits?

A) Their carbon footprint places them amongst the highest pollutants in the world.

B) The majority of them are scientists whose research centers around their own customs.

C) The women of the Faroe Islands are all suffering from a variety of genetic disorders.

D) The concentration of PCBs comes usually from the visitors to the Faroe Islands.

E) They have traditional fishing customs, including the pursuit of large marine mammals.

Resolución

Se infiere a partir del texto que las mujeres de las Islas Faroe se han visto afectadas por el químico PCBs debido al consumo de ciertas especies marinas como por ejemplo las ballenas piloto.

Rpta. : "E"

PREGUNTA 15

How would you summarize the text?

A) There is a severe health crisis in the Faroe Islands that could have negative effects on future generations.

B) Toxic chemicals are spreading faster and further from their places of origin through the ocean.

C) Current legislation regarding chemical waste is inefficient, there needs to be stronger regulations.

D) The climate crisis is causing the rise of temperatures and ocean levels, which is affecting islanders’ lives.

E) Most of the women of the Faroe Islands have chemical toxic concentration in their breast milk.

Resolución

How would you summarize the text? (¿Cómo resumirías el texto?) Most of the women of the Faroe Islands have chemical toxic concentration in their breast milk (La mayoría de las mujeres de las Islas Feroe tienen concentraciones químicas tóxicas en la leche maternal). En el texto se menciona: Scientists found women from the Faroe Islands a small north Atlantic archipelago, had unusually high concentration of toxic industrial chemicals – mostly polychiorinated biphenyls (PCBs) – tha are no longer use in their breast milk. The surprising discovery led to the question how did it happen? (Los científicos descubrieron que las mujeres de las Islas Feroe, un pequeño archipiélago del Atlántico norte, tenían una concentración inusualmente alta de productos químicos industriales tóxicos, en su mayoría bifenilos policlorados (PCB), que ya no se usan en la leche materna. El sorprendente descubrimiento llevó a la pregunta ¿cómo sucedió?).

Rpta. : "E"

PREGUNTA 16

The effects of climate change like rising sea levels and increasing temperatures make PCBs in the ocean

A) biodegrade in a speedy progression.

B) travel to various geographical locations.

C) evaporate quickly into the atmosphere.

D) adhere to sea creatures’ source of food.

E) facilitate the increase of new species.

Resolución

El cambio climático y calentamiento global están incrementando a mayor velocidad la proliferación del químico PCBs, evaporándolo a la atmósfera.

Rpta. : "C"

TEXTO IV

Hikikomori is a Japanese word for a social problem: hundreds of thousands of Japanese, mainly young men do not socialize outside of their homes.

Experts say hikikomori generally spend their time alone in their rooms, watching television, playing video games, listening to music, or reading comic books. Many will sometimes come out to eat or socialize, surviving on whatever food their parents bring to their door or what they can find after everyone else has gone to bed.

In most cases, the retreat into hikikomori develops gradually. Many of them were either forced to perform well or were bullied when they were attending school.

The parents of hikikomori sometimes make the situation worse when they apply great pressure to change or allow their behavior. Experts say this often occurs when parents feel it is some failure on their part that caused their children to become alone.

An industry of counseling and intervention services has arisen in Japan to deal with this condition. Parents can either hire an intervention team to come into their child's room and take him or her away for forced treatment or 'rent' a brother or sister to visit and talk to the hikikomori, closed door, if necessary, to convince them to come to a center where they can socialize with others like themselves and begin the path to recovery.

The hikikomori problem is a significant one for the Japanese. Those suffering from the condition are not contributing to the economy. There is also concern about what will happen as parents housing hikikomori age and die, leaving their offspring with no income or home.

PREGUNTA 17

The text mainly gives

A) the future panorama of the hikikomori.

B) detailed information about hikikomori.

C) ideas to deal with hikikomori condition.

D) the author’s opinion about hikikomori.

E) a summary of the hikikomori condition.

Resolución

El texto ofrece una visión panorámica y sintética sobre el tema: define qué es el hikikomori, sus causas (presión escolar y acoso), la reacción de los padres, los tratamientos de apoyo y las consecuencias económicas finales. Por tanto, es un resumen general de esta condición.

Clave E

PREGUNTA 18

If some Japanese parents were less permissive,

A) their children would be more dependent.

B) there would be more hikikomori cases.

C) the number of hikikomori would reduce.

D) hikikomori would turn to them for money.

E) hikikomori would continue living alone.

Resolución

En el cuarto párrafo del texto se menciona explícitamente que los padres de los hikikomori a veces empeoran la situación cuando son muy permisivos con el comportamiento de sus hijos. Por lo tanto, si los padres no tuvieran esta actitud, la situación no empeoraría y el número de casos se reduciría.

Clave C

PREGUNTA 19

A synonym of FAILURE in context is

A) exception.

B) mistake.

C) key.

D) fake.

E) right.

Resolución

En el cuarto párrafo se lee: «Experts say this often occurs when parents feel it is some failure on their part that caused their children to become alone». Por lo tanto, en el contexto del texto, la palabra failure se refiere a una falla, un desacierto o una falta cometida por los padres en la crianza de sus hijos. Por ello, el sinónimo más adecuado es mistake (error o desacierto).

Clave B

TEXTO V
Green flags are the good signs that show you're in a safe, respectful, and caring relationship. One big green flag is when someone respects your digital boundaries, how you want to be treated when texting, posting, sharing, or using social media apps together. Talking about what you're okay with online might feel awkward at first, but open communication is the only way to build trust and feel comfortable. Some things to think about and talk about with your friends or partner include respecting privacy (yours and theirs), checking in with yourself first and knowing who to talk to. However, it is important that you realize when someone crosses a digital boundary. Not all online behavior is okay or even the way people navigate using their own personal devices. Some red flags to pay attention are cyberbullying, cyberstalking and sexting. Do not forget that sending, receiving, or asking someone who is under the age of 18 even if you're close in age is illegal and counts as child sexual abuse material and can have legal outcomes. This can also include forwarding a sext that someone sends to you, especially without consent. Your boundaries can change over time, and it's totally normal. Maybe something you were okay with at first doesn't feel right anymore or vice versa. That's okay. What matters is keeping the conversation open and making changes together with mutual respect. You're allowed to say no to something, even if you once said yes. You always have the right to control your choices, your body, and your digital space.
PREGUNTA 20
This text is mostly addressed to
A) teenagers.
B) adults.
C) parents.
D) grandparents.
E) children.
Resolución
El texto está dirigido principalmente para adolescentes porque aborda explícitamente en contenidos digitales, los límites en las relaciones digitales y el consentimiento de personas "under the age of 18".
Clave A
PREGUNTA 21
In the text, the word OUTCOMES is closest in meaning to
A) behaviors.
B) regulations.
C) boundaries.
D) relationships.
E) consequences.
Resolución
La oración del texto dice: «... and can have legal outcomes » («... y puede tener resultados/consecuencias legales »). En este contexto, outcomes se refiere a los efectos o repercusiones derivadas de una acción, lo cual es sinónimo de consequences.
Clave E
PREGUNTA 22
When referring to digital interaction, it is INCOMPATIBLE to say that
A) respecting digital boundaries is the foundation.
B) being comfortable with ourselves is important.
C) keeping to the first decision taken is a must.
D) showing personal preferences might be difficult.
E) involving teens under and close 18 is forbidden.
Resolución
El texto señala que los límites pueden cambiar con el tiempo y es completamente normal, por lo que se puede decir que no a algo, incluso si alguna vez dijiste que sí. La alternativa elegida indica que mantener la primera decisión tomada es una obligación, ya que usa “must”, lo cual contradice lo mencionado en el texto y resulta una idea INCOMPATIBLE.
Clave C

INGLÉS SAN MARCOS EXAMEN RESUELTO INGRESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD

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