COMPRENSION DE TEXTOS EN INGLÉS PREGUNTAS RESUELTAS SAN MARCOS DECO
TEXTO I
You can learn a lot about people from playing games with them. Before Michelle Obama married Barack, she sent him to play basketball with her brother. Barack didn't know, but it was a test. She wanted to know what he was like as a person. After the game her brother told her Barack was a good team player. He shared the ball, but not too much and he liked him. The rest is history.
You can also learn a lot of practical skills from playing games. Researchers have found that people who are good at video games often made the best surgeons. In one study, keyhole surgeons who play video games were 27 per cent faster and made 37 per cent fewer errors in the operating room than those who didn't.
Different games develop different skills. For example, to play backgammon you need to think quickly and calculate risks. To play the card game bridge you need social interaction and communication skills. Chess requires strategic thinking. In fact for many students at Hampton university's Business School, chess isn't just a game they play for fun. It's a game they must play to get their MBA. As part of their first year course, students need to play 20 strangers over the Internet. The school believes that chess teaches important skills like strategic planning, problem solving and time management. The students have to learn to lose, laugh, and fight again, so it also teaches skills for life.
Hollet, V. y Whitby, N. (2010). Lifestyle: Pre-intermediate Coursebook. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.
PREGUNTA 1 :
What's the main idea of the text?
A) Playing games can help to develop skills for life.
B) Business students get their MBA by playing games.
C) Games can be used as role-play for future jobs.
D) Videogames make the best surgeons in the world.
E) Playing games develops socio-communicative skills.
RESOLUCIÓN :
IDEA PRINCIPAL
En el texto el autor sostiene la importancia de los juegos para el desarrollo del hombre tanto en el aspecto laboral, como en las habilidades en diferentes disciplinas, así como en las habilidades sociales frente a los retos de la propia vida, según relata el autor del texto.
Rpta. : "A"
PREGUNTA 2 :
KEYHOLE in the text can be replaced by.
A) mainstream.
B) important.
C) laparoscopic.
D) special.
E) exceptional.
RESOLUCIÓN :
TÉRMINO ESPECÍFICO
En el texto se hace uso del término KEYHOLE, para hacer referencia a los médicos que realizan operaciones poco invasivas y que utilizan una pantalla y una cámara para realizar su labor, es por ello que este término se puede reemplazar por la palabra LAPAROSCOPIC.
Rpta. : "C"
PREGUNTA 3 :
Which of the following statements is false?
A) Playeng games plays an important role in people’s lives.
B) Chess is important because it develops cognitive skills.
C) Surgeons practice videogames because they need precision.
D) Playing games is actually used only for entertainment.
E) Playing games has been documented by researchers.
RESOLUCIÓN :
IDEA INCOMPATIBLE
En la introducción del texto el autor nos relata la anécdota personal de la señora Obama, para retratar la importancia del juego en el aspecto emocional del entonces futuro Presidente de los EEUU, posteriormente el fragmento desarrolla la importancia del juego para el desarrollo de las habilidades en el ámbito profesional, por lo tanto, es falso decir que solo sea para el ámbito del entretenimiento.
Rpta. : "C"
PREGUNTA 4 :
We can infer from the context that playing games
A) challenges our brains to achieve the impossible.
B) can benefit our brains making us more competent.
C) may be stressful and negative from time to time
D) develops tricks that let us fun and win very often.
E) is a solitary activity and can be very relaxing.
RESOLUCIÓN :
LA INFERENCIA
En el texto el autor presenta la importancia del juego en el progreso de las habilidades, generando mayor destreza como es en el caso de los médicos, en donde los skills de los galenos que practican videojuegos los hacían más competentes y que el autor al finalizar el texto indica que en general estas habilidades les servirá para la vida.
Rpta. : "B"
PREGUNTA 5 :
Which of the followitlg statements would the author agree with?
A) Gamification is a good tool used in the teaching and learning process.
B) Videogames create dependency and make people addicted to playing them.
C) Education should avoid gamification because it is dangerous for children.
D) Games must be applied to all the activities that people get involved in.
E) Gamification improves your artistic skills and makes you successful in life.
RESOLUCIÓN :
LA INFERENCIA
En relación a lo relatado por el autor, al indicar que el ser humano desarrollaría mayores habilidades mediante la gamificación, es por ello que este autor estaría de acuerdo en señalar que esto también beneficiaría al hombre en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.
Rpta. : "E"
TEXTO II
In 2022 New York City chose a new mayor, Michael Bloomberg. Michael Bloomberg wanted the people of New York to be healthy. In his opinion, they did the wrong things: they ate the wrong food, they smoked, they drove everywhere, and they did little or no exercise.
So Bloomberg tried to change their habits. Before he was mayor, restaurant menus only gave the price of the food. But after 2007 restaurants wrote the number of calories in the food on their menus. He banned smoking in public places. He also tried to reduce the size of sweet drinks, like Coca Cola but the Supreme Court stopped him.
Bloomberg had other messages for New Yorkers, too: do more exercise, leave your car at home, walk or ride a bicycle, and take the stairs when you can. He told them he always took the stairs, not the lift.
Some people thought Bloomberg was wrong. People’s health is their business. But is it?
J. and Wood, K. (2015). Navigate Coursebook.
PREGUNTA 6 :
What can we infer from the passage?
A) People often know what they eat.
B) New Yorkers want to keep in shape.
C) Most New Yorkers have bad habits.
D) People always do the wrong things.
A) Much New Yorkers do exercises.
RESOLUCIÓN :
Se puede inferir, según las medidas planteadas por el alcalde que la mayoría o un gran número de residentes de New York tienen malos hábitos.
Rpta. : "C"
PREGUNTA 7 :
The verb BANNED means
A) certified.
B) questioned.
C) allowed.
D) refused.
E) prohibited.
RESOLUCIÓN :
En esta pregunta lo que se busca es encontrar el significado de la palabra BANNED. Por tanto, la única alternativa correcta es PROHIBITED ya que son sinónimos.
Rpta. : "E"
PREGUNTA 8 :
Which of the following things can the author possibly support?
A) Choose the food the people want.
B) Defend the right to decide what to do.
C) Go to the gym with more frequency.
D) Go on very strict vegetarian diet.
E) Go to the restaurant vegetarian alone
RESOLUCIÓN :
Which of the following things can the author possibly support? (¿Cuál de las siguientes cosas puede apoyar el autor?) Defend the right to decide what to do (Defender el derecho a decidir qué hacer). En el texto se menciona: Some people thought Bloomberg was wrong. People’s health is their business. But is it? (Algunas personas pensaron que Bloomberg estaba equivocado. La salud de las personas es su asunto. ¿Pero, es así?)
Rpta. : "B"
PREGUNTA 9 :
What is the author’s purpose?
A) To criticize the way Mr. Bloomberg wanted to change New Yorkers.
B) To evaluate many different things that people can do to stay healthy.
C) To describe the life of Mr. Bloomberg, the new major of New York City.
D) To inform about how Mr. Bloomberg tried to change people’s habits.
E) To notice about the people of New York City ate the wrong food.
RESOLUCIÓN :
La pregunta es ¿cuál es el propósito del autor del texto?
El autor se centra en cómo el Sr Michael Bloomberg, alcalde electo para la ciudad de New York, trató de cambiar los hábitos de las personas.
Rpta. : "D"
PREGUNTA 10 :
All the following actions were performed, except one:
A) The calories were indicated on the menu.
B) Coca Cola cans and bottles got smaller.
C) People couldn’t smoke in public places.
D) Exercise was recommended to people.
E) Walk or ride a bicycle was suggested.
RESOLUCIÓN :
De una serie de sucesos narrados en el texto, sobre las acciones que se concretaron durante la gestión de Michael Bloomberg, la única acción que no se concretó fue la de reducir el tamaño de las botellas y latas de Coca Cola.
Rpta. : "B"
TEXTO III
Due to a lack of financial support from her family, which worsened with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Nadia dropped out of her local college in Patna. Her plans for a university education did not materialize as she had hoped. In the meantime, she was primarily staying at home caring for her family members, waiting to return to college or to get married, whichever happened first. As part of her everyday life in a gendered household, Nadia assisted her mother with household chores like cooking, cleaning, and caring for her grandmother when she was ill. She believed that the divine rewards of caregiving will shape her taqderr (destiny), which will lead to a “good life” and “better futures”. What does a “good life” or a “better future” mean to Muslim women, like Nadia, in India?
What role does caregiving play in shaping these young women’s perceptions of a good life? Finally, how do women negotiate with their fate or their irrevocable “destiny” within their personal choices and responsabilities of caregiving? In attempting to answer some of these questions, I perceive Muslim women’s predestined future as residing in and shaping their present and seeing local coceptions of destiny in this context as individual ways of imagining better futures. In doing so, my aim is to bring back the importance of the mundane everyday.
Munazir, S. (2022). Temporabilities of Caregiving: Destiny and Future-Making in the Lives of Muslim Women in India. Cultural Anthropology.
PREGUNTA 11 :
From the contexto of the text, the word CHOICES means
A) obligations.
B) solutions.
C) options.
D) duties.
E) chores.
RESOLUCIÓN :
TÉRMINO EN CONTEXTO
Si bien es cierto “options” representa el sentido literal de la palabra en cuestión, en el texto no se está utilizando el término en ese sentido. “Duties” resulta ser una palabra que redunda con “responsibilities”. “Obligations” expresa el mejor sentido para el texto, pues en él se explica cómo una mujer como Nadia debe asumir un trabajo impuesto. Por ello la clave es la C.
Rpta. : "C"
PREGUNTA 12 :
According to the text, it is not true to tell that Nadia
A) dropped out of school because her financial situation worsened with the pandemic.
B) believed that her good deeds in caring for her grandmother will favour her destiny.
C) imagined a “better future” for herself and her family beyond her domestic work.
D) gave up her studies because she considers it more important to be a good wife.
E) was looking forward to going back to university or getting married as soon as possible.
RESOLUCIÓN :
IDEA COMPATIBLE
La alternativa A resulta ser cierta (está presente en el primer párrafo), el hecho de que Nadia dejara la universidad la llevó a dedicarse al cuidado de sus familiares con la idea de mejorar su futuro, por ello la B resulta ser correcta también, de esa manera la alternativa C se deriva del texto. Nadia dejó sus estudios debido a que su familia ya no pudo apoyarla, en ningún caso lo hizo por convertirse en una buena esposa, la D resulta expresar algo que no puede determinarse por el texto, por ello es falsa y resulta ser la clave.
Rpta. : "D"
PREGUNTA 13 :
Which of the following sentences summarizes the main idea of the author?
A) The text points out that young women like Nadia believe that they can further their destiny with gestures of care for others.
B) The passage presents the precarious situation of young women like Nadia when they have no financial support from their families.
C) The author emphasizes the sexism in Muslim families in India where women are not allowed to go to university or to care for herself.
D) The excerpt presents the case of Nadia, a young Muslim woman in India, who wants to study at university, but her family prefers to look her at home.
E) The text explains that destiny is a romantic idea that has no relation to the everyday actions of a young woman in India.
RESOLUCIÓN :
FRASE RESUMEN
El texto explica que el destino es una idea romántica que no tiene relación con la acción cotidiana de una joven en la India). En el texto se menciona: I perceive Muslim women’s predestined future as residing in and shaping their present and seeing local conceptions of destiny in this context as individual ways of imagining better futures. In doing so, aim is to bring back the importance of the mundane everyday (Percibo que el futuro predestinado de las mujeres musulmanas reside en su presente y le da forma, y veo las concepciones locales del destino en este contexto como formas individuales de imaginar mejores futuros. Al hacerlo, el objetivo es recuperar la importancia de lo mundano cotidiano
Rpta. : "E"
PREGUNTA 14 :
From the passage, it can be properly inferred that Muslim women
A) have no options for advancement in a society as sexist as India.
B) believe that they can affect their destiny by their actions.
C) always end up dropping out of college to do housework.
D) believe in destiny instead of working for a better professional future.
E) devote more time to their religion than to university studies.
RESOLUCIÓN :
INFERENCIAS
Nadia creía que el brindar cuidado a otros ayudaría a formar su destino bajo el pensamiento de que las buenas acciones generan un mejor futuro.
Rpta. : "B"
PREGUNTA 15 :
It can be inferred from the text that the author considers that
A) fate reflects the young Indians women work in the present.
B) fate is an absurd idea with no relation to their domestic work.
C) fate is a way of controlling the will of young Muslim women.
D) the conception of destiny is related to capitalist production.
E) the conception of destiny is a way of imagining a “better future”.
RESOLUCIÓN :
INFERENCIAS
Se puede inferir del texto que la concepción del destino es una forma de imaginar un mejor futuro; para ello, se toma como ejemplo el caso de Nadia, donde queda evidenciado que las mujeres musulmanas imaginan su destino según sus buenas acciones.
Rpta. : "E"
